Monday, 12 March 2018

Radome Antenna

The advancement of technologies in antenna's world stimulates growing new demands to get better antenna performance on the design process for all components, including radome. Radar Dome, or usually called Radome is a dielectric material which is placed over the antenna for protection from its physical environment. In this case, the energy radiated by the antenna must pass through the radome. In most cases, some amount of radiated energy is dissipated as it passes through the antenna radome. This dissipated energy reduces the effective gain of the antenna and causes several effects, such as boresight error, changing antenna side lobe level and depolarisation. To achieve higher gains, dielectric radome with antennas as the source constitutes a relevant solution. The current technique used composite or layered materials like Teflon, Polyethylene and Quartz to suppress the reflection of the radiated energy but, it makes the fabrication more complicated and highly cost. Figure 1 shows the construction of patch antenna enclosed by a radome[1].

Even though the antenna may be carefully designed to have low sidelobes and high radiation efficiency, a poorly designed radome can degrade its performance seriously. Typically, the radomes are fabricated of a thickness of a dielectric material, wherein the thickness is one-half wavelength at a mid-band frequency of operation for the antenna. The composite or layered dielectric radomes are frequently required in practise to protect antenna systems against environmental conditions. However, the complicated manufacturing process inevitably introduces errors into the material properties of the composites, which tend to degrade the electromagnetic (EM) performance of radome. In conclusion, an optimum chosen material and construction design of radome are the key importance to focus through analytical technique to improve the antenna performance.

[1]  Bridget Cunningham, "Assessing a Radome Design’s Ability to Improve Antenna Directivity,"  comsol blog, 2017.

Written by Nuraiza Ismail and Rina Abdullah

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