PV cell is the
smallest semiconductor element that converts solar radiation into electrical
energy. PV materials can be categorized as either crystalline or thin film.
Crystalline Silicon which is commonly used in the wafer form in the PV modules.
Crystalline cells are basically silica-based materials that has been melted and
crystallized. Crystalline cells achieve higher efficiencies than thin film
cells.
Due to these characteristics, monocrystalline PV
module’s type have been widely used. So this articles will show the steps for
sizing the PV module. Before we can start sizing the PV module, we must sizing
the batteries for a system first. Below is the steps to sizing the PV module:
E module (Wh) = E load
(1)
The first formula is the energy for the module. The
energy for the module must be same with the energy for the load. The load
energy’s formula is taken from the sizing the batteries.
P array (W) = E module
÷ Peak sun hour (2)
For
the second formula, the peak sun hour stands for the total time the sun will
produce a maximum heat. Usually we set the peak sun hour for a day is 3 hours
P array
stc (W) = P array ÷ Module derate factor (3)
The module derate factor is the
percentage the PV module will generate the energy. Usually we assume every each
of the PV module will generate only 0.75 (75%) only because of the dust that
placed on the PV module.
The last formula is the N module
is the number of the modules that have to combine to operate the system. For an
example, if the value of N module is 0.67, so the number of module
that needed to operate the system is 1 unit.
N module = P array
stc ÷ P module stc (4)
By the sizing the PV module, it
can minimize the cost and also can full fill the requirement of the power that
are needed to operate the system.
Written by:
AHMAD IZZAT BIN MOD ARIFIN
MOHD SAIFUL NAJIB BIN ISMAIL@MARZUKI
#technical article
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